The four study characteristics explained little of the residual variance in the data.
2.
However, the impact of subject of analysis and type of performance measurement on the residual variance in the data was not statistically significant.
3.
The information pertaining to environmental variables can then be used in site-specific models to identify residual variance that may be due to real effects.
4.
Mathematically, ANCOVA decomposes the variance in the DV into variance explained by the CV ( s ), variance explained by the categorical IV, and residual variance.
5.
The " i " th basis function is chosen to be orthogonal to the basis functions from the first through " i " & minus; 1, and to minimize the residual variance.
6.
Stochastic regression shows much less bias than the above-mentioned techniques, but it still missed one thing-if data are imputed then intuitively one would think that more noise should be introduced to the problem than simple residual variance.
7.
Where residual variances are not explicitly included, or as a more general solution, at any change of direction encountered in a route ( except for at two-way arrows ), include the variance of the variable at the point of change.
8.
An efficiency of 0 ( " E " = 0 ) indicates that the model predictions are as accurate as the mean of the observed data, whereas an efficiency less than zero ( " E " < 0 ) occurs when the observed mean is a better predictor than the model or, in other words, when the residual variance ( described by the numerator in the expression above ), is larger than the data variance ( described by the denominator ).
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